There’s no way to turn it off from a software or physical switch point of view. The only way to disable it is to take the back cover off, easily trace the cable running into it and disconnecting it from the mother board.
I’ve done this myself but only to put something else in its place completely.
I would keep the air filtration system in there, especially if you’re doing ABS. Its proven to be quite effective from testing done by others.
The centrifugal fan does have a good hum sound to it. It’s possible your fan or plastic shrouding on the front is vibrating on its fixing. Take the cover off the front of it and try tighten the cap screws.